ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE IN CHILDREN AGED 1 TO 3 YEARS IN TERENGGANU

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the average dietary intake and BMI status of children, as well as their association. A total of 161 children aged 2.58 years (SD = 0.70) were involved (75 boys [46.6%], 86 girls [53.4%]). Parents recorded dietary intake using a 3-day food record. Height and weight were measured using a SECA scale and stadiometer, and BMI was analyzed via WHO Anthro software. Mean energy intake was 1113.33 kcal/day (SD = 213.35). Mean intakes for protein, carbohydrate, and fat (% energy) were 16.09 (SD = 2.04), 49.46 (SD = 5.35), and 31.35 (SD = 14.74), respectively. All participants (100%) met protein recommendations, but only 46% and 59% met carbohydrate and fat recommendations. Calcium and vitamin D intakes were insufficient. Most children (88.8%) had a normal BMI z-score. Only carbohydrate, fiber, total fat, and saturated fat intakes correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with BMI status. In conclusion, energy, protein, and fat intakes were adequate, whereas carbohydrate, calcium, and vitamin D intakes were deficient. Although most children had a normal BMI, high energy intake and dietary composition (carbohydrate, fiber, and fats) require careful monitoring as they influence changes in BMI status.